Mitomycin C Treatments for Bladder Cancer

Mitomycin C is a chemotherapy medication used directly in the bladder (intravesical therapy) to destroy any microscopic cancer cells remaining after tumor removal. It works by interfering with DNA synthesis, preventing cancer cells from growing and dividing. Because it is applied locally, it minimizes the side effects seen with systemic chemotherapy.

Mitomycin C is often administered immediately after transurethral resection of bladder tumor (TURBT) to reduce the chance of recurrence. In some cases, it may also be given in a series of weekly instillations for patients at intermediate risk of recurrence, as determined by your urologist.

• Limit fluid intake for 4 hours before your appointment to allow better bladder retention.
• Notify your provider if you have a urinary tract infection or blood in your urine before treatment.
• Discuss your current medications, especially those affecting your immune system or blood clotting.

• Empty your bladder before the procedure begins.
• A small catheter is inserted to instill the Mitomycin C solution into your bladder.
• You will retain the solution for about 1–2 hours, changing positions periodically to maximize bladder wall contact.

• Drink extra fluids over the next 24 hours to flush out the bladder.
• For 6 hours after treatment, urinate while sitting and add bleach to the toilet before flushing to neutralize any remaining drug.
• Mild bladder irritation and urgency are common for a day or two; contact your provider for severe symptoms.

Most patients tolerate Mitomycin C well, but possible side effects include bladder irritation, urinary urgency, skin rash, or, rarely, allergic reaction. Because the drug is handled locally in the bladder, serious systemic side effects are uncommon. Promptly report fever, rash, breathing difficulty, or persistent urinary symptoms.

Mitomycin C has been proven to significantly lower the recurrence rate of non–muscle invasive bladder cancer. Its localized delivery maximizes cancer cell destruction while limiting whole-body exposure, making it an important part of bladder cancer management.